临床护理综合性实验设计与实践

目的：探索知识、技能和能力综合训练的护理综合性实验（实训）的教学方法。方法：设计3种类型的综合性实验课,并进行试点教学。结果：使理论紧密联系临床实际,丰富了教学内涵,护生的护理综合能力在实践中得到明显提高。结论：综合性实验教学优化了高等护理教学方法。     

中西医结合治疗急性脑梗塞的疗效和其对促肾上腺激素及超氧化物歧化酶的影响

目的：探讨中西医结合治疗急性脑梗塞的疗效和其对促肾上腺激素（ＡＣＴＨ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的影响。方法：对４５例急性脑梗塞患者行中西医结合〔紫外线照射充氧自血回输（ＵＢＩＯ）＋高压氧（ＨＢＯ）＋活血化瘀补肾中药〕治疗；３０例用ＵＢＩＯ＋ＨＢＯ治疗；３５例患者用复方丹参治疗作对照组。结果：中西医结合治疗急性脑梗塞治愈率及总有效率分别为４０．０％及９５．６％，复方丹参对照组分别为１４．３％及７１．４％，ＵＢＩＯ＋ＨＢＯ组分别为３３．３％和９０．０％。中西医结合治疗后ＡＣＴＨ及ＳＯＤ水平明显增高，与对照组比较差异有显著性，ＡＣＴＨ及ＳＯＤ变化趋势呈一致性。结论：中西医结合治疗使内分泌系统的垂体下丘脑肾上腺轴激素分泌作用增强，内环境ＳＯＤ对自由基清除力增高，疗效高。     

Investigating Characteristics of Quality Peer Mentors With Spinal Cord Injury

ObjectiveTo identify characteristics (1) of high- and low-quality spinal cord injury (SCI) peer mentors; (2) that should be used to match SCI peer mentors and mentees.DesignThe study was conducted in partnership with three Canadian provincial SCI organizations using an integrated knowledge translation approach. The Delphi exercise was completed in three rounds. In Round 1, people with SCI completed a thought-listing exercise to identify characteristics of high- and low-quality peer mentors and for matching. In Rounds 2 and 3, people with SCI and community organization staff rated characteristics from the previous round on an 11-point scale. After the final round, the remaining characteristics were thematically analyzed.SettingCommunity-based peer mentorship programs in three Canadian provinces.ParticipantsPeople with SCI and SCI community organization staff (Round 1, n=45; Round 2, n=27; Round 3, n=25).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresConsensus-based list of characteristics.ResultsParticipants reached consensus on 215 characteristics of quality peer mentors and 11 characteristics for peer mentor-mentee matching (ICC=0.96). A consensus-based characterization of high- and low-quality peer mentorship was created and included six overarching themes: competencies, personality characteristics, emotional state, mentor outlook, reason for mentoring, and role model.ConclusionA consensus-based characterization of quality peer mentorship was co-developed with input from over 50 members of the SCI community. Findings highlight that peers have both interpersonal and intrapersonal characteristics that contribute to quality mentorship. The findings highlighted the importance of matching mentors on lived experience and shared interests. Findings will inform future research and SCI peer mentorship programs.     

SARIMA模型在苏州市细菌性痢疾发病预测中的应用

目的 探讨季节性差分自回归求和滑动平均(seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average, SARIMA)模型在苏州市细菌性痢疾月发病数预测中的应用。 方法 利用R i386 3.2.3软件对2005年1月－2018年4月苏州市细菌性痢疾月发病数据构建SARIMA模型,对2018年5－7月份细菌性痢疾的月发病人数进行预测,验证预测效果。 结果 建立了SARIMA(0,l,2)×(0,1,1)₁₂模型,Ljung-Box检验结果为Q=19.494,P=0.244,模型拟合效果良好,与2018年5－7月实际发病人数比较,实际值均在预测值95%可信区间内,相对误差的平均值为-0.147。 结论 SARIMA(0,l,2)×(0,1,1)₁₂模型可以对苏州市细菌性痢疾月发病人数进行较好的预测。     

2004－2016年珠海市道路交通伤害时间序列分析

目的 建立珠海市道路交通伤害(road traffic injuries,RTIs)发生的时间序列模型,了解RTIs的时间变化规律。方法 对2004－2016年珠海市3家哨点监测医院RTIs病例发生时间进行描述性分析。以2004－2015年RTIs按发生年、月份建立自回归移动平均混合模型(ARIMA),以2016年资料进行验证;同时按RTIs发生星期、时点(24 h)建立ARIMA模型进行时间序列分析。结果 2004－2016年共监测到70 813例RTIs。1－2月份 RTIs较少,7月达高峰;星期一、六和日RTIs发生数量较多;18－21点RTIs呈现最高峰,7－9点、0－2点分别呈现次高峰。构建得到RTIs发生人数按年、月份的ARIMA(0,1,1)模型(Ljung-Box检验Q=16.586,P=0.413),预测2016年RTIs人数,预测值与实际观测结果较相符;随着预测时间延长,CI范围扩大。对RTIs发生星期及时点序列分析建模为ARIMA(1,0,0)(Ljung-Box检验Q=13.283,P=0.652),观测值与拟合值基本相符。结论 2004－2016年珠海市RTIs流行状态具有一定时间变化规律,ARIMA模型适合进行RTIs发生时间趋势拟合并进行短期预测分析。     

上海地区儿童综合性医院心理门诊来访者的特征及演变

目的分析上海地区儿童综合性医院心理门诊首次来访者的人口学特征、疾病分布,为探索心理卫生服务模式的发展方向提供理论基础。方法回顾2010-2014年复旦大学附属儿科医院心理科门诊病例资料完整的首诊病例共8 916例,对人口学特征、诊断归类进行统计,分析疾病分布特征。结果儿童心理门诊首诊人次逐年增加,平均幅度18.17%,就诊人群0~18岁,平均年龄为(6.64±3.47)岁,以0~6岁年龄段人数最多,男童多于女童,男女比例为2.79∶1。因各类精神障碍就诊比例为70.1%,按比例前五位依次为注意缺陷多动障碍、精神发育迟缓、广泛性发育障碍、言语及语言障碍、躯体形式障碍五大类。6岁组主要精神障碍依次为:广泛性发育障碍、精神发育迟缓以及注意缺陷多动障碍,6~12岁组儿童精神障碍依次为注意缺陷多动障碍、精神发育迟缓以及情绪障碍。青春期常见精神障碍为注意缺陷多动障碍、精神发育迟缓、情绪障碍、躯体形式障碍。结论综合性儿童医院心理门诊来访者呈快速上升趋势,儿童心理行为问题在不同年龄段和不同性别中呈现特点不同。     

Probabilistic hazard assessment for skin sensitization potency by dose–response modeling using feature elimination instead of quantitative structure–activity relationships

Supervised learning methods promise to improve integrated testing strategies (ITS), but must be adjusted to handle high dimensionality and dose–response data. ITS approaches are currently fueled by the increasing mechanistic understanding of adverse outcome pathways (AOP) and the development of tests reflecting these mechanisms. Simple approaches to combine skin sensitization data sets, such as weight of evidence, fail due to problems in information redundancy and high dimensionality. The problem is further amplified when potency information (dose/response) of hazards would be estimated. Skin sensitization currently serves as the foster child for AOP and ITS development, as legislative pressures combined with a very good mechanistic understanding of contact dermatitis have led to test development and relatively large high‐quality data sets. We curated such a data set and combined a recursive variable selection algorithm to evaluate the information available through in silico, in chemico and in vitro assays. Chemical similarity alone could not cluster chemicals' potency, and in vitro models consistently ranked high in recursive feature elimination. This allows reducing the number of tests included in an ITS. Next, we analyzed with a hidden Markov model that takes advantage of an intrinsic inter‐relationship among the local lymph node assay classes, i.e. the monotonous connection between local lymph node assay and dose. The dose‐informed random forest/hidden Markov model was superior to the dose‐naive random forest model on all data sets. Although balanced accuracy improvement may seem small, this obscures the actual improvement in misclassifications as the dose‐informed hidden Markov model strongly reduced " false‐negatives" (i.e. extreme sensitizers as non‐sensitizer) on all data sets. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

门诊患者呼吸道感染抗菌药物使用评价

目的：探讨门诊患者呼吸道感染主要病原菌分布及其常用抗菌药物的使用情况。方法选取2010年1月~2014年1月门诊收治的829例呼吸道感染患者作为研究对象,将呼吸道黏膜作为标本进行分离、培养、鉴定,然后采用Kirby-Bauer(KB)法进行抗菌药物敏感性检测。结果829例使用抗菌药物的呼吸道感染患者共提供痰和咽拭子标本1651份,分离培养出细菌568株(30.3%),其中革兰氏阴性菌469株(81.1%),革兰氏阳性菌67株(11.8%),真菌42株(7.4%)。氧致病菌培养阳性率为34.4%。829例均有抗菌药物使用史,其中头孢菌素类368例(44.39%),氨基糖苷类278例(33.53%),大环内酯类66例(7.96%)。使用2种抗菌药物者276名(33.29%),使用3种抗菌药物者69名(8.32%)。抗菌药物的平均使用天数2.74 d。铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林、环丙沙星耐药率较低,肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢噻肟、头孢哌酮耐药率较低,大肠埃希菌对头孢曲松、头孢哌酮耐药率较低,金黄色葡萄球菌对头孢唑林、氧氟沙星耐药率较低。结论门诊患者呼吸道感染的主要病原菌对于一些常用抗菌药物有不同的耐药性,应依据感染菌种药敏试验的分析结果选用抗菌药物,细菌学检查是合理选用抗菌药物和减少细菌耐药的最佳方法。